Interest Rate Swap Case Essay Example

Interest Rate Swap Case Paper Goodrich-Rabobank Interest Rate Swap In 1983, both B. F. Goodrich and Rabobank needed to execute external financing in order to raise 50 million dollars for ongoing operations. Goodrich wanted to raise the money through debt financing, but because their bonds were BBB- rated, they would have to pay a steep interest rate for a fixed rate. However, the Solomon brothers had an idea. Goodrich could borrow with a floating rate that was tied to LIBOR and then swap interest payments with a Euromarket bank that had raised funds in the fixed rate Eurobond market. A London bank approached Rabobank and proposed a large fixed rate Eurobond issue with the intention of swapping interest payments with a US corporation. Goodrich offered a 50 million dollar, noncallable 8 year bond, semiannual payments that will pay the LIBOR rate + 50 basis points. On the same day Rabobank issued a 50 million dollar, noncallable 8 year bond with an annual coupon fixed at 11 percent. The two issuers executed a swap with the Morgan Guaranty Bank as an intermediary guarantor. Goodrich agreed to pay Morgan bank $5. million once each year for 8 years to cover the 11% fixed coupon. Morgan bank agreed to pay Goodrich 8 years of semiannual payments. It would be the LIBOR minus a discount. Similarly, Morgan bank agreed to pay Rabobank 5. 5 million once a year for 8 years and Rabobank agreed to pay the Morgan bank the 8 years of semiannual payments at LIBOR – x. Morgan also received from Goodrich a one-time initial fee of $125,000 and an undisclosed annual fee for the each of next 8 years. Goodrich has to pay out the LIBOR + . 5% and gets the LIBOR – x and then subtract the 10. % which is the fixed rate for AAA Eurobonds that Rabobank will have. So you get that Goodrich will receive x + 11. 2%. Morgan has to pay LIBOR – x and get the LIBOR – y + 10. 7% 10. 7%. After doing the math, Morgan receives x-y in total fees and they could be anywhere between 8 and 37. 5 basis points. Rabobank will get y – LIBOR. After looking at figure 3, Goodrich would have had a fixed rate at about 12. 5% for the maturity they were looking for. Therefore, Goodrich will save 1. 3% x, while Rabobank will end up saving y – 1. 8% on their interest rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Interest Rate Swap Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Interest Rate Swap Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Interest Rate Swap Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After breaking it down further by using the figures in the case, it can be assumed that y comes out to be 20 basis points and x is 100 basis points. Plugging those values back into the original equations you can deduce that Goodrich saves about 30 basis points because they will only be paying 12. 2%. Rabobank will save about 20 basis points and Morgan will collect the original $125,000 and then 75 basis points in fees. After adding up all of the savings, it comes out to be 1%. This is an attractive deal to the savings bank. With organizing this swap, they end up earning a good amount of money. They will have a good amount of administrative fees in order to receive all of the money from the swap and then proceed to pay out the right amount each period and keep up with the LIBOR rates to adjust the floating rate note. However, with collecting the original $125,000 and then gaining the 75 basis points in fees, they will be able to cover all of their expenses in the swap and make this a profitable investment. For the Goodrich and Rabobank this is a win-win situation for them. Because of entering the swap and analyzing the numbers from the case, both of them will end up saving money. The rates they would have had if they sold their notes without swapping would have been higher than what they end up having to pay now. Even with having to pay fees to Morgan, saving 20 to 30 basis points is a big deal. The only people that this could be a loss for are the investors that are buying the notes. They could be viewed as not as well off because they are not getting as good of a rate on the notes that they bought. However, both of the investments are still very good and pay close to the standard amount.

New Years Greetings in German, Region by Region

New Year's Greetings in German, Region by Region When you want to say Happy New Year to someone in German, you will most often use the phrase  Frohes neues Jahr.  Yet, when youre in different regions of Germany or other German-speaking countries, you may hear different ways to wish someone well in the new year.   Augsburg University in Bavaria conducted a study to find out which New Years greetings dominated certain regions in Germany. The results are quite interesting, with some areas of Germany sticking with tradition, while others offer variations of the greeting. "Frohes Neues Jahr" The German expression,  Frohes neues Jahr  literally translates to Happy New Year. It is widely used in German-speaking countries, particularly in the northern and western states of Germany. This phrase is most common in northern Hesse (the home of Frankfurt), Lower Saxony (including the cities of Hanover and Bremen),  Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (the coastal state along the Baltic Sea), and  Schleswig-Holstein (the state that borders Denmark). As often happens, some Germans prefer a shorter version and will simply use  Frohes neues. This is especially true in many areas of Hesse and in the wine country of Mittelrhein. "Prosit Neujahr" It is becoming increasingly more common for many German speakers to use  Prosit Neujahr  instead of the traditional Happy New Year. In German,  prosit  means cheers and  neujahr  is a compound word for new year. This phrase is scattered regionally and is often used in the area around the northern city of Hamburg and northwestern Lower Saxony. You will also likely hear it in many parts of western Germany, particularly around the city of Mannheim. There is also a smattering of its usage in the southeastern region of Germany in the state of Bayern. This may be due, in part, to an influence from eastern Austria and Vienna, where  Prosit Neujahr  is also a popular greeting. "Gesundes Neues Jahr" The German phrase  Gesundes  neues  Jahr  translates to Healthy New Year. You will hear this greeting most often when traveling through eastern regions of Germany, including the cities of Dresden and Nuremberg as well as the Franconia region in the south-central part of Germany. It may also be shortened to  Gesundes neues. "Gutes Neues Jahr" Meaning Good New Year, the German phrase  Gutes neues Jahr  is also popular. This version is most often used in the country of Austria. In Switzerland and the German state of  Baden-Wà ¼rttemberg in the southwest corner of the country, you may hear this phrase shortened to Gutes neues. Its also possible that youll hear this saying in the state of Bavaria, which includes Munich and Nuremberg. Yet, its most often concentrated to the south, closer to the Austrian border. Standard New Year's Greeting If you are unsure of which greeting to use or find yourself in an area of Germany not described previously, you can use a few standard New Years greetings that are widely accepted. They are: Alles Gute  zum  neuen  Jahr! Best wishes for the new year!Einen  guten  Rutsch ins  neue  Jahr! A good start in the new year!Ein glà ¼ckliches  neues  Jahr! Happy New Year!Glà ¼ck und Erfolg  im  neuen  Jahr! Good fortune and success in the new year!Zum neuen Jahr Gesundheit, Glà ¼ck und viel Erfolg! Health, happiness, and much success in the new year! Use one of these phrases, and you cant go wrong, regardless of where you find yourself throughout Germany or German-speaking counties.